Raws li cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog, lub teeb yuag ntawm lub subframe tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog kev siv zog tsawg. Ntawm cov khoom siv ntau yam, cov qauv tsim, thiab cov txheej txheem kev xaiv, aluminium alloy integral hollow low -pressure die-cast (LPDC) subframes qhia kev sib tw muaj zog. Daim ntawv no qhia txog qhov zoo thiab cov teeb meem ntawm ib qho hollow subframes los ntawm kev pom ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Nws tsom mus rau ob lub fwj tshuaj ntau lawm -post-kev ua haujlwm thiab machining- nrog rau ob qho khoom lag luam tawm los ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog- qis- siab casting thiab kev kho cua sov. Cov kev daws teeb meem yog npaj rau txhua tus. Thaum kawg, yav tom ntej kev loj hlob tiam sis thiab kev sib tw toj roob hauv pes ntawm subframes raug kwv yees.
Ntsiab lus: Subframe; Aluminium alloy; Integral hollow; Lub raj mis; Kev sib tw toj roob hauv pes
1. Keeb kwm
Xyoo kaum xyoo dhau los, uas tau tsav los ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub zog thiab cov kev cai nruj, cov tsheb tshiab (NEVs) tau loj hlob sai. Kev txheeb xyuas qhia tau hais tias los ntawm 2014 txog 2023, NEV nkag mus los ntawm 0.3% mus rau 31.6%. Txawm li cas los xij, NEVs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsheb fais fab, ntsib teeb meem loj hauv kev them nqi thiab ntau yam. Qhov no tau tso lub teeb yuag tsim ntawm qhov tsis tau pom dua ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.
Tsheb loj yog muab faib ua sprung thiab unsprung mass. Sprung huab hwm coj yog hais txog qhov hnyav txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ncua kev kawm thiab cov ntsiab lus elastic, suav nrog lub cev, lub cav, kis tau tus mob, thiab cov neeg caij tsheb. Unsprung huab hwm coj yog hais txog cov khoom uas tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm lub kaw lus ncua kev kawm, xws li lub log, lub caj npab, lub tog raj kheej, thiab cov dampers. Raws li lub hauv paus kev ncua kev kawm ntawv, lub subframe plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb, thiab lub teeb yuag nws muaj peev xwm xa multiplied teebmeem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsheb ua tau zoo.
Lub subframe, tseem hu ua "sub-chassis," ua lub pob txha nraub qaum rau pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab qag. Nws txhawb nqa lub qag thiab ncua kev sib dhos, txuas lawv mus rau lub tsheb loj. Hauv cov neeg caij tsheb nrog cov qauv monocoque, lub subframe txuas rau sab laug thiab txoj cai ncua kev kawm rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, yog li ua kom muaj kev sib txuas nruj, cais cov suab nrov thiab kev co, thiab txhim kho NVH kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muab cov kev thauj khoom ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm lub zog sib tsoo, txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm tsheb.
Kev lig kev cai, subframes yog ua los ntawm steel. Nrog rau kev thawb rau lub teeb yuag thiab NEV saws, aluminium alloy subframes tau ntsib kev loj hlob sai. Aluminium alloy subframes tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm stamping, hydroforming, profile welding, tuag casting, qis-siab casting, los yog hybrid steel-aluminium koom nrog, nrog rau cov qauv xws li ntau- daim welded, ib qho khoom cam khwb cia, thiab ib qho hollow cast designs.
2. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Integral Hollow Subframes
2.1 Kev Taw Qhia
Xav txog cov xwm txheej thauj khoom, lub teeb yuag, carbon emissions, thiab tus nqi, ib qho hollow casting muab qhov zoo sib xws. Ua ntej, topology optimization nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov txoj kev loj hlob-raws li loading yuav tsum, ntim qhov chaw, thiab manufacturing feasibility-maximizes qhov hnyav. Thib ob, nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam, nyias- cov tswv cuab ntawm cov phab ntsa hollow xa cov nruj dua thiab lub zog. Thib peb, piv nrog ntau-daim welded subframes, ib qho castings tsis txhob weld seams thiab lwm yam kub- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam degradation. Thaum kawg, qhov tseem ceeb casting hloov ntau ntau ntawm stamping thiab vuam ua haujlwm nrog ib kauj ruam tsim, ua kom luv luv txoj kev loj hlob thiab ua kom yooj yim ntawm kev tswj cov saw hlau.
Ib qho hollow subframes feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm LPDC. Lawv muaj 6 lub ntsiab yam ntxwv:
Loj loj (kwv yees . 1000-1200 mm × 800–1000 mm × 300–500 mm).
Nyias- ntu phab ntsa, nrog lub hauv paus phab ntsa tuab ntawm 4-5 mm (hauv zos nyias li 3.5 mm).
Cov kab noj hniav uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov xuab zeb loj, ua rau cov tub ntxhais nce ntxiv - ua nyuaj.
Txoj kev hla- ntu nrog cov phab ntsa tuab tuab thiab ntau qhov kub.
Ntau yam machining nta- rau lub ntsej muag hla X, Y, thiab Z cov lus qhia, yuav tsum tau siv 20+ cov cuab yeej.
Muab faib ua chassis kev nyab xeeb- qhov tseem ceeb, nrog xoom kam rau ua tsis tiav.
1.
Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau muaj teeb meem loj thoob plaws hauv kev tsim khoom.
2.2 Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
Kev tsim khoom ntawm cov hollow subframes suav nrog tsib qhov tseem ceeb: kev npaj, qis-siab casting, tu, kho cua sov, thiab tom qab- ua.
Kev npaj: Core ua (inorganic cores tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau ib puag ncig), alloy melting (siv A356, A356.2, AlSi7Mg, ZL101A nrog tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 40% cov ntsiab lus siv dua tshiab), thiab pwm npaj (txheej txheej, tu, kho).
Tsawg-siab casting: Casting parameters thiab pwm thermal tswj ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov khoom zoo (xws li, porosity, inclusions, deformation).
Kev Tu: Siv cov xuab zeb tshem tawm, rooj vag thiab riser txiav, X-ray tshuaj xyuas, thiab sib tsoo. Kev ua tau zoo thiab kev tswj qhov loj me yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev kho cua sov: suav nrog kev daws teeb meem, quenching, thiab kev laus. Quench distortion yog qhov teeb meem loj uas yuav tsum tau txo qis ntawm pwm tsim, kho kom zoo dua qub, thiab kho cov txheej txheem.
Ncej -kev ua haujlwm: Feem ntau machining, tu, thiab sib dhos. Machining yog lub hauv paus caj dab, nrog kev xyaum siv cov kab rov tav tsib -axis tshuab, ua tiav ~ 30 min rau ib feem.
3. Cov kev sib tw ntawm Integral Hollow Subframes
3.1 Cov Teeb Meem Hauv Tsev
Qhov teeb meem loj rau kev saws me nyuam loj dua yog tus nqi, uas tseem tshuav ntau dua li cov hlau subframes vim tias cov nqi qis qis, lub sij hawm mus sij hawm ntev, thiab kev siv cov khoom siv raw.
Cov khoom lag luam tawm los: Cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm casting (xws li, porosity, shrinkage, inclusions, cracks) thiab kev kho cua sov (xws li, quench distortion). Cov no tsis raug zam rau hauv kev nyab xeeb -chassis tseem ceeb. Cov kev daws teeb meem muaj xws li yaj purification, pwm tswj qhov kub thiab txias, optimized gating, thiab quench zoo refinement.
Ntau lawm voj voog: LPDC feem ntau yuav tsum tau 360-420 vib nas this ib casting. Kev tu cov txheej txheem siv 240-300 vib nas this ib thooj, thaum machining yuav tsum tau 20-60 feeb (zoo tshaj plaws ~ 10 feeb). Cov voj voog ntev no txwv kev nkag mus.
Lwm yam tseem ceeb: kev siv cov khoom siv thiab cov kab ntau lawm yooj yim kuj ua lub luag haujlwm. NEVs feem ntau xav tau ntau- ntau yam, tsawg- cov khoom ntim, uas txo cov kev ua haujlwm hauv cov kab uas siv tau zoo heev.
3.2 Kev Sib Tw Tshuab
Ntau lub technologies uas tshwm sim muaj ob qho kev sib tw thiab cov hauv kev:
Integrated tuag casting: Kev sib xyaw cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob.
Electromagnetic casting: Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tsis siv roj los tsav cov kua nplaum, muab cov kev tswj hwm qib siab, kev siv cov khoom siv ntau dua, thiab tsim nyog rau cov castings loj.
Hybrid Fill Casting (HFC): Ua ke roj thiab hydraulic siab los ua kom zoo microstructure thiab tshem tawm cov porosity, ua kom zoo dua metallurgical zoo thiab txhua yam khoom.
3D- luam ntawv xuab zeb cores: Pab kom hloov tau yooj yim thiab qis - cov cuab yeej siv rau cov qauv lossis me me -batch ntau lawm, txo cov nqi tsim kho yav tom ntej.
3.3 Cov tswv yim sib tw
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, aluminium alloy subframe nkag mus yuav tsum nce los ntawm 8% hauv 2020 mus rau ntau dua 30% los ntawm 2025, nrog rau cov qauv hollow loj hlob los ntawm 5% mus rau 28%. Txawm hais tias qhov peev xwm no tuaj yeem ua tiav yog nyob ntawm cov tswv yim thoob plaws peb qhov loj:
Material: Aluminum alloys offer excellent formability and recyclability (>95% rov qab tus nqi,<1% melt loss), lowering lifecycle costs and carbon footprint.
Cov txheej txheem: LPDC ua kom ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm metallurgical zoo, xa lub zog tensile ntawm 280-320 MPa, yield zog ntawm 220-250 MPa, thiab elongation ntawm 6-8%, haum rau chassis kev ruaj ntseg Cheebtsam.
Structure: Lub hollow tsim txo cov txheej txheem cov kauj ruam thiab tus nqi thaum ua kom nruj thiab lub zog. Nyias-cov phab ntsa square tube seem qhia txog qhov sib txheeb siab tshaj plaws thiab lub zog ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig-sectional geometries.
4. Cov lus xaus
Nrog rau kev ceev ceev ntawm NEVs, aluminium alloy subframes -tshwj xeeb yog ib qho hollow LPDC variants - tau npaj rau kev lag luam loj hlob. Lawv cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem zoo ua rau lawv muaj kev sib tw heev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kov yeej cov teeb meem hauv kev tawm los thiab lub sij hawm tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo cov nqi thiab ua kom tau txais kev saws dav dav. Nruam kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov qauv thiab kev tsim khoom yuav yog tus yuam sij rau kev sib tw yav tom ntej.
